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At present, lightweight materials commonly used in automobiles mainly include high-strength ultra-light steel plates, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, composite materials, and plastics. These materials have many excellent properties. Using these materials instead of traditional materials in automotive parts can not only reduce the weight of parts, but also improve the quality and performance of parts in some aspects. At the same time, the price competition of automobiles is very fierce, and inexpensive and affordable cars can meet the requirements of users. In order to meet these diversified requirements, the compactness, light weight, and low cost of engine system components are imperative. Therefore, the use of lightweight materials in system components is a critical step in the development.
The intake manifold is the most important part of the engine's intake system. The intake system determines the engine's intake efficiency and the uniformity of the cylinder's inflated air, which has a very large impact on the overall performance. The intake manifold is fixed to the cylinder head of the engine and is a hollow product with a complex shape. It withstands the heat and vibration transmitted by the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber of the cylinder head. The working environment of the intake manifold is complex and mainly has the following features:
(1) The heat radiation, conduction, and convection often exist in the working environment, and not only the long-term heat environment, but also the cold and low-temperature environment. The ambient temperature can be changed in the range of 40-140oC.
(2 There are various corrosive media around the manifold, such as gasoline, diesel, lubricating oil, long-term freezing liquid, brake fluid, battery liquid, washing liquid, various additives in oil, alcohol, high-temperature water and snow melting Agent and so on.
(3 Manifolds are subjected to pressure and vibration loads for a long period of time. Therefore, the materials used for the intake manifold must have the following properties.
(1 sufficient strength, elastic modulus, impact strength, especially low temperature impact strength;
(2 good vibration reduction, friction resistance, wear resistance, noise resistance, and corrosion resistance of various chemical media;
(3 good melt flow, molding properties and dimensional stability.
Currently, a large number of lightweight materials used in the intake manifold are mainly aluminum and magnesium, and their processing methods and processes are also relatively mature. In recent years, plastics have also become more and more popular in the development of lightweight technologies. Their use in the intake manifold has become a research hotspot and will become a trend in the future.