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EV charging: the difference between AC and DC
Last updated on April 14, 2023
When it comes to electric vehicles (EVs), one of the most important aspects is how they are charged. Two main types of electrical currents are used: AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current). Understanding the difference between these two can help you make better decisions about where and how to charge your EV.
Most home chargers and public charging stations use AC power, which is the standard electricity that comes from your wall outlet. However, DC is used for fast charging, which is ideal when you need a quick top-up during a long trip. The key difference between AC and DC charging lies in where the conversion from AC to DC happens—either inside the vehicle or at the charging station itself.
Here’s a quick summary:
- **Grid power** is always AC.
- **Battery storage** is always DC.
This means that regardless of the type of charger you use, your car's battery will eventually store DC power. But the way that power gets there can vary significantly.
The EV charging ecosystem has grown rapidly in recent years, making it easier than ever to own and operate an electric vehicle. While the basic idea is simple—plug in and charge—the technology behind it is more complex. From slow home chargers to high-speed DC stations, each type of charger serves a different purpose.
AC charging is slower but more common, especially for overnight charging at home. It uses the vehicle’s onboard converter to change AC into DC, which is why it takes longer. On the other hand, DC charging bypasses the car’s internal system and does the conversion at the station itself, allowing much faster charging times. Some DC stations can deliver up to 400 kW of power, meaning you can charge your EV in minutes instead of hours.
However, DC charging isn't always the best option. It requires more expensive equipment and a higher voltage connection, which makes it unsuitable for most home installations. Plus, the cost per kilowatt-hour tends to be higher at DC stations. For daily use, a slow AC charger is often sufficient and more cost-effective.
DC charging shines when you're on the road and need a quick boost. It’s perfect for long trips where time is limited. But for regular use, especially overnight, AC is usually the better choice.
Understanding the differences between AC and DC charging can help you choose the right option based on your needs. Whether you're looking for convenience, speed, or cost-effectiveness, knowing how your EV charges is essential.
If you want to dive deeper into EV charging, including where to find stations, how to use them, and how to pay, check out our comprehensive guide. It covers everything you need to know to get started with electric mobility.