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EV charging: the difference between AC and DC
Last updated on April 14, 2023
When it comes to electric vehicles (EVs), the way they charge is a crucial factor in their usability and convenience. Two main types of electrical currents are used for EV charging: AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current). Understanding the differences between them can help you make better decisions about where and how to charge your car.
Most home EV chargers and public charging stations operate using AC power. This is because AC is the standard form of electricity delivered by the grid and is easier to manage in residential and commercial settings. On the other hand, DC is used in fast-charging stations, which allow for much quicker charging times—ideal for long trips or when you need a quick top-up.
The key difference between AC and DC charging lies in where the conversion from AC to DC takes place. In AC charging, the vehicle itself handles this conversion, which makes it slower but also simpler and more cost-effective. With DC charging, the conversion happens at the charging station, allowing for higher power delivery directly to the battery. This is why DC charging can be significantly faster, sometimes delivering up to 400 kW of power and fully charging an EV in just minutes.
It’s important to note that while DC charging is fast, it isn’t always necessary for everyday use. Most people only need to charge their cars overnight with AC, which is both affordable and widely available. DC charging is best reserved for situations where speed matters, like during road trips or when you're in a hurry.
Another thing to consider is how the power output changes over time. With AC charging, the power flow is relatively steady, making it consistent but slower. In contrast, DC charging starts off strong but gradually decreases as the battery fills up, similar to filling a glass with water—you pour quickly at first, then slow down as it gets full.
Despite its advantages, DC charging requires more advanced and expensive infrastructure, which is why it's not commonly found at home. However, as EV adoption grows, we’re likely to see more DC stations becoming available in public spaces.
If you're new to electric vehicles, understanding the differences between AC and DC charging is just one part of the journey. There’s also the matter of where to find charging stations, how to use them, and how to pay for them. For a deeper dive into all things related to EV charging, check out our comprehensive guide to get started.