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As a vehicle fuel, LNG (liquefied natural gas) has the advantages of high octane number, good anti-knocking performance, low engine loss, low fuel cost, and good environmental performance as compared with conventional fuels. Therefore, in foreign countries, the R&D and application of LNG commercial vehicles have been promoted very early.
Used in the field of commercial vehicles
Taking the United States and Germany as examples, the promotion of LNG vehicles has been going on for many years. It is understood that currently operating LNG vehicles are mainly commercial vehicles, such as city buses, urban engineering vehicles, sanitation vehicles, and logistics transportation companies. This is primarily because commercial vehicles have a large amount of traffic, high usage rates, and natural gas prices are cheaper than fuel. Second, LNG vehicles have smaller emissions. LNG vehicles are less polluting than large amounts of particulates emitted by diesel engines and noise pollution caused.
In the United States, most LNG models currently used are logistics vehicles. In the promotion of the use of heavy-duty trucks in the medium and short distances, LNG vehicles are mainly based on the way that single cylinders are placed vertically on both sides of the frame, and ignition modes can be selected. You can also choose HPDI's hybrid compression ignition (similar to diesel engines). For example, most of the medium and short-distance vehicles used by the UPS Logistics Group use the HPDI type. This type of diesel is being recognized by the developed countries as the type of control for pre-combustion, ignition and ignition of natural gas. As early as 2011, UPS purchased 48 vehicles. LNG trucks were put into the company in Lake Ontario, California. At the same time, the City Transport Agency in New York also operates natural gas buses. Telecom companies Verizon Communications Inc. and AT&T Inc. are also using natural gas-powered trucks.
In Germany, the large logistics company, Hellmann Logistics, began trials of LNG-fuelled heavy trucks in the fall of 2012 and carried out a four-week road transport. Since then, LNG trucks have also opened up the market for German LNG logistics providers.
Road tests show that LNG trucks can perform tasks well. René Stocker, head of Han Hong Logistics, said that trials have proven that compared with diesel vehicles, LNG vehicles can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions while other harmful substances (such as carbon particles). And emissions of nitric oxide and other substances are almost negligible.
Natural gas trucks have become a new trend in the world. Compared with traditional diesel trucks, natural gas trucks are more environmentally friendly, have lower greenhouse gas emissions, and have lower operating noise. Although the prices are higher than diesel trucks, they are far from From a point of view, the advantages of natural gas trucks will become more apparent today as oil prices increase.
In addition to the United States and Germany, the development of natural gas vehicles in countries such as France, Spain, the Netherlands, and Portugal is also mainly concentrated on commercial vehicles, including buses, logistics vehicles, and garbage trucks.
Policy Guarantee LNG Vehicle Promotion
Similar to our country, the promotion of natural gas vehicles through policy support is also one of the means of some countries. For example, the purpose of promoting LNG vehicles can be achieved through tax deductions and subsidies. In Sweden, the road tax paid by natural gas vehicles is about 3,000 kroons (about RMB 2,862) lower than diesel vehicles. In Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, from Monday to Friday from 6:30 to 18:30, every vehicle that enters and exits the city must pay a traffic jam, but energy-saving and environmentally-friendly vehicles such as natural gas vehicles can be exempt from traffic jams. Up to about 14,400 kroner can be saved. In Pakistan, the customs authorities are exempt from taxes on imported natural gas equipment, vehicles, and modified parts, and the tax department also exempts natural gas vehicles from sales tax. In Bangladesh, the introduction of gas station equipment, retrofit parts, and natural gas vehicles enjoy tax exemptions, and banks and leasing companies can provide loan support for retrofitting natural gas vehicles. The Asian Development Bank has helped the city of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, to purchase 10,000 sets of natural gas vehicle modifications and vehicle cylinders at one time. In Thailand, not only preferential tax policies have been applied to natural gas vehicles, engines and modified parts. The tax rate has first been reduced from 40% to 20% and finally to 0%, and the Thai government will subsidize 10,000 yuan for each natural gas vehicle converted. Thai Baht (approximately RMB 2122).
In the process of developing natural gas vehicles, Croatia has made new explorations in its organizational form and provided references for other countries. In 2009, Croatia established the “Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund Financing Agencyâ€. After the organization was established, it mainly passed two measures to promote the development of the clean energy auto industry. The first is to increase the use of passenger and cargo transportation systems to replace fuels and fuel cells by managing bridge crossing fees, traffic jams, and control of goods transport in urban areas and construction of urban transport facilities. This will promote the development of clean vehicle projects; LNG and CNG vehicles are first used in commercial, public transportation services, taxis, driving schools and public service companies; they support the construction of new LNG and CNG filling stations through financial means. The other is through the cooperation with the Ministry of the Oceans, Transport and Infrastructure, and the Ministry of Economy, Labor, and Enterprise to carry out the "Reduction of Transport Plans Affecting the Quality of the Environment." The main task of the plan is to replace passenger cars, trucks and school buses that do not meet environmental standards, and to provide 50,000 kuna (about 6,750 euros) per vehicle through financing agencies.
Limited number of gas stations restricts LNG vehicle applications
As in China, the lack of construction of gas stations is an important factor restricting the development of LNG vehicles. The United States is the world’s second-largest natural gas producer. R&D of LNG technology has been around since the 1930s. However, according to the statistics of the United States Energy Information Administration, as of 2009, only 110,000 natural gas vehicles were operating in the United States. The United States has a wealth of resources and advanced technology, but it has no extensive application to LNG vehicles. This is not unrelated to the 66 U.S. LNG refueling stations located in 10 states across the United States.
A spokesperson for a foreign engine company stated: “The petroleum fuels in use have a gas station network that spans continents. Natural gas is also there, but it enters people's homes and the electricity industry through pipelines. The challenge now is to establish a place similar to a diesel station. Not in the form of networks.†UPS spokesman Kara Gerhardt Rose also said that converting 1,000 of the approximately 17,000 heavy-duty trucks owned by UPS to LNG trucks is their long-term goal. "Restriction of filling stations".
It is understood that China’s largest private energy company, the New Austrian Group, is aggressively promoting the infrastructure construction of natural gas-powered heavy trucks in the United States. The background is that the local natural gas resources will help the US transport industry to get rid of dependence on imports. Crude oil refining diesel situation. “We did start building LNG refueling stations in the United States, but in a new market and new area, there will be various variables in its development process. So our goal this year is to build 50 LNG refueling stations. "Relevant person in charge of the New Austrian Group said recently.
It is noteworthy that CleanEnergy (Clean Energy Company), the largest transportation natural gas provider in the United States, is also building a “U.S. Natural Gas Expressway†project, which will build 150 LNG truck refueling stations on major US traffic routes. It plans to enter the entire downstream industrial chain of natural gas vehicles, namely gas stations, transportation, taxis, airport transportation, and municipal vehicle markets.
In fact, most natural gas vehicles on the US road are owned by government or corporate fleets that have centralized refueling stations. A U.S. investment analysis agency mentioned in a July 2010 report that a U.S. car manufacturer such as General Motors has decided to provide natural gas vehicles in its home market, and U.S. natural gas suppliers will also provide Support and help companies transform their fleet vehicles into natural gas vehicles and build natural gas filling stations.
Although natural gas is cheap, the total cost of building an LNG refueling station in the United States is not low, or comparable to that in the country. According to market sources, the cost of each refueling station in the United States is about US$1 million (approximately RMB6.22 million), and the cost of building a station in the country is about several million RMB. Jiang Yu, head of international business at the New Olympic Group, said: “The price difference between gas stations in different parts of the United States is very clear. Overall, the cost is still higher than domestic ones, such as purchasing local equipment, hiring local staff, and hiring local companies. Designing, etc., costs more than domestic prices."
On the premise of utilizing natural gas resources and advanced natural gas technologies, Germany accelerated the application of LNG vehicles in China by accelerating the construction of LNG refueling stations. It can be said that the development of natural gas vehicles in Germany is mainly due to the close cooperation between natural gas companies, governments and car manufacturers and other stakeholders. The data as of the end of 2010 shows that Germany has become the country with the largest number of natural gas filling stations in Europe, reaching 900 seats and about 91,500 natural gas vehicles, mainly concentrated in urban heavy vehicles, including buses and garbage trucks. 
