**Abstract:** This paper explores the features of air-cooled heat pump-based home central air conditioning systems, highlighting key considerations in their application and design. It also discusses the relationship between green buildings and residential central air conditioning. The study emphasizes that household central air conditioning systems offer advantages such as energy efficiency, reliable operation, and flexible adaptability. These systems are particularly suitable for multi-room residences, villas, offices, and entertainment spaces.
**Keywords:** home air conditioning; ultra-micro central air-conditioning; air-cooled heat pump
**1. Household Air Conditioners and Green Buildings**
In recent years, with a significant improvement in living standards, per capita living space in Shanghai has increased from 4 m² to 10 m², greatly enhancing the quality of life. Demand for housing has surged, moving beyond small 60–70 m² units to larger 90–250 m² homes and even multi-bedroom or villa-style properties. With a focus on green environments, cultural ambiance, functional design, and interior decoration, modern homes now meet high standards of comfort. As a result, air conditioning has become essential not only in homes but also in offices and entertainment venues, leading to higher expectations for indoor environmental quality.
By 2000, nearly 90 out of every 100 residents in Shanghai owned an air conditioner, with many households already having multiple units. This means that Shanghai’s air conditioning ownership exceeds that of some developed countries. In response, real estate developers have introduced the concept of “green buildingsâ€â€”structures that emphasize resource efficiency, renewable materials, recycling, and sustainability. A green building is designed to be environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and health-conscious, focusing on indoor air quality, temperature control, and noise reduction.
However, traditional split-type air conditioners fall short in meeting these standards. They are inefficient, lack fresh air circulation, and can contribute to indoor pollution. Additionally, outdoor units often damage building facades and create noise and water drainage issues. Therefore, there is a growing need for more advanced solutions like small-scale central air conditioning systems tailored for large residential buildings.
**2. Characteristics of Home Central Air Conditioning Systems**
Home central air conditioning systems represent a new concept known as ultra-micro central air conditioning. These systems are ideal for residential buildings, villas, offices, and commercial spaces where the area ranges from 90 m² up to 50,000 m². Designed with an air-water heat pump system, they offer several benefits:
1. A single central unit can drive multiple end devices, providing both cooling and heating. It adjusts automatically based on load changes, saving up to 20% energy compared to traditional split units.
2. Units can be installed on balconies, rooftops, or courtyards without requiring additional mechanical rooms, preserving the building’s aesthetics.
3. They allow for the efficient use of cooling and heating to provide hot water, maximizing resource utilization.
4. An integrated fresh air system ensures clean, healthy indoor air, improving overall comfort.
5. Since it's dedicated to each household, there are no billing disputes, making it easier for property management.
**3. Design of Air-Cooled Heat Pump Home Central Air Conditioning System**
An air-cooled heat pump system uses outdoor air as a heat source, employing mechanical work to supply both heating and cooling. This system eliminates the need for a cooling tower, reducing water usage and investment costs. It is most effective in regions where winter temperatures remain above -10°C, with an evaporation temperature below -8°C and continuous operation limited to 110 hours.
The system typically operates in areas with moderate climates, such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The host unit is usually an air-cooled chiller or heater, with piping configurations varying based on room size. For a typical 100–120 m² space, a 3 kW unit is sufficient, with additional power added for every 20–30 m² increase.
Design considerations include selecting the optimal balance point temperature, determining whether to add an auxiliary heat source, and managing defrost cycles. Proper installation location and noise control are also critical to ensure smooth operation and minimal disturbance.
**4. Conclusion**
This paper has analyzed the features, applications, and design considerations of air-cooled heat pump-based home central air conditioning systems. Compared to other systems, these units may have slightly lower thermal efficiency, but their modular structure and ability to adjust to load changes make them highly energy-efficient, especially under partial load conditions. Their versatility in providing cooling, heating, and hot water makes them ideal for small to medium-sized buildings and residential use. Given these advantages, they should be promoted more widely in the future.
**References**
[1] Qin Wen. *Villa Building Air Conditioning Design*. HVAC, 1998, 20 (4).
[2] Bu Xiaohua. *Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology Quiz*. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2000.
[3] Han Wei, Chen Zhichun. *Study on the Performance of Air-Water Heat Pump System*. Refrigeration, 2000, 19 (3).
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