Zhao Xizi: Controlling emissions is the fundamental way of environmental governance

In order to truly achieve the goal of environmental governance, we should start from three aspects: First, the restriction on production should not be “one size fits all”; second, government departments at all levels should fundamentally consider the withdrawal or transfer of production capacity in some regions in terms of policy formulation; It is the environmental protection department that considers continuity and forward-looking in the formulation of environmental standards and the rhythm of the peak-stop production.

With the heating season approaching, the steel industry's environmental work more and more public attention. Since the end of last year, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has issued a number of related policies - "Interim Provisions on the Management of Pollution Discharge Permits", "Work Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and Surrounding Areas in 2017", "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the surrounding areas in autumn and winter of 2017~2018" This year, a large number of personnel have been deployed to carry out unprecedented environmental protection inspections throughout the country. These all reflect the country's attitude of "zero" tolerance for environmentally unsatisfactory enterprises and the determination to fight the "blue sky defense war."

Around the prevention and control of air pollution in the autumn and winter seasons of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, a number of key areas have also released plans for industrial enterprises to produce peaks and stop production, and all involve steel companies. Recently, the former deputy director of the State Bureau of Metallurgy, former honorary president of the whole Zhao Xizi United Metallurgical Chamber of Commerce, said in an interview, "China Metallurgical News" reporter: "The fundamental environmental protection work is pay close attention to environmental management and pollution control total The amount of emissions, and the current policy of limiting production should only be used as a stopgap measure."

Steel companies continue to increase environmental protection investment

Zhao Xizi said that through the investigation of more than 100 steel production enterprises in four cities of Anyang, Anhui, Tangshan and Shijiazhuang, it was found that the local governments implemented the instructions of the Party Central Committee resolutely, and the environmental protection investment of enterprises has increased year by year, and all enterprises have As one of the most important tasks in the current discharge of pollutants, we will conscientiously organize and limit production.

“Anyang, Handan, Tangshan and Shijiazhuang have a steel production capacity of around 220 million tons, accounting for 1/4 of the national steel production capacity, and are basically long-flow enterprises. The emissions of waste gas and particulate matter are large, and they are pollution control in the capital region. Focus: Since the Party Central Committee has made clear requirements for environmental protection in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas, local governments and steel companies in these cities have attached great importance to it. They recognize that environmental governance and green development are national strategies and express their firm support for the decision of the Party Central Committee. Unswervingly implement the air pollution prevention and control work program." Zhao Xizi said.

“Anyang is changing the “one size fits all” approach in the first half of the year, implementing “one enterprise and one policy” to differentiate and limit production. Anyang has formulated 107 in-depth management projects for 11 key steel companies, with an estimated investment of 4.1 billion yuan, currently 34 At the same time, the Anyang municipal government and the enterprise signed a letter of responsibility to clarify the division of responsibilities in the environmental protection process. The municipal government combined the planning, land, and environmental indicators, energy consumption, efficiency, quality, safety and other indicators. The social security and taxation four 'leverages' list 18 indicators, comprehensively evaluate the steel enterprises in the city, implement differentiated production limits, and increase penalties for enterprises exceeding the standards, until the enterprises are ordered to stop production and close. This year the city Arranged 29 steel enterprises to carry out 313 governance projects, all enterprises completed their governance tasks before August 31. Tangshan City listed pollution prevention and control work as the top priority of the municipal government's work, and formulated the comprehensive industrial pollution source of Tangshan City. The Special Implementation Plan for Compliance Emissions has established a special coordination agency to conduct an overall assessment of all steel companies to verify the production of blast furnaces and coke ovens. Energy and environmental performance, weighted according to the company's environmental performance level and energy consumption, water consumption, quality, safety, technology and other indicators, the implementation of 'one enterprise one policy' 'last elimination." Tangshan City will limit production and production capacity combined, In 2016, it has completed a total of 31 million tons of de-construction tasks for iron and steel making. This year, it plans to remove 10.06 million tons of capacity and prepare to complete it ahead of the heating season.” Speaking of several key cities in the environmental protection of the steel industry Zhao Xizi is like a few treasures.

In recent years, the awareness of iron and steel enterprises on the importance of energy conservation, environmental protection and green development has gradually increased, and “putting environmental protection first” has become the consensus of steel companies. Since 2014, enterprises have generally increased investment in environmental protection and paid close attention to emission standards. According to Zhao Xizi, according to the 2016 survey of the All-China Metallurgical Chamber of Commerce, the national key private steel enterprises invested more than 50 billion yuan in environmental protection from 2014 to 2016. The environmental protection cost of enterprises per ton of steel increased from 70 yuan before 2014 to around 100 yuan. Since the beginning of this year, iron and steel enterprises have continued to increase investment in accordance with the corporate sewage standards promulgated by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and the environmental protection costs of steel per ton have been further improved. According to incomplete statistics, most of the key steel enterprises in Anyang, Handan and Tangshan have raised their environmental protection costs to 120 yuan. The environmental protection cost of Anyang Xinpu Steel Co., Ltd. has risen to 140 yuan, the environmental protection cost of Anyang Iron and Steel Group's steel per ton has reached 220 yuan, and the environmental protection cost of Delong Xinggang Steel has been 150 yuan. These enterprises have achieved emission standards. In the second half of the year, Angang will reinvest 3 billion yuan in accordance with advanced standards to achieve high standards of emissions.

Limiting production "one size fits all" seriously affects corporate environmental enthusiasm

"In the 'Blue Sky Defence War', local governments at all levels have implemented the attitude of the Party Central Committee, and their environmental protection and environmental protection levels have gradually improved. However, many new problems have also been discovered. For example, some local governments are The use of 'one size fits all' in the process of limiting production has seriously affected the environmental enthusiasm of enterprises; frequent and limited production severely disrupts the production balance of enterprises and easily leads to safety accidents; the frequency of environmental protection standards is too high, and the scientific nature of production measurement methods remains to be verified; The purpose of limiting production to achieve real emission reduction remains to be explored; the heating of urban residents is affected. These issues should be taken seriously," said Zhao Xizi.

Zhao Xizi pointed out that in order to save trouble, some local governments allocated the indicators that were given to them by the higher-level environmental protection departments, regardless of whether they were good or bad, regardless of whether the emission level was up to standard, and evenly distributed to each enterprise. Stop and stop. This simple and rude practice has seriously damped the enthusiasm of enterprises for environmental protection. In particular, enterprises with good environmental protection have a great opinion. They say that "anyway, production is limited, and environmental protection is not invested again."

The steel production process is continuous and large equipment must operate stably. In the first half of the year, due to frequent environmental control and control procedures, and the time limit is tight, it is often required to stop production within one hour, and “catch people without stopping production”. Production equipment is “forced to stop and start frequently”, which is likely to cause equipment accidents. Only one company in Anyang had 14 equipment accidents in the first half of the year, up 50% year-on-year; the maintenance cost of steel equipment increased from 35 yuan last year to 91 yuan, and the maintenance cost was more than 35 million yuan. Zhao Xizi is deeply saddened by this. He indulged for a moment, and said with a dignified expression: "Because the blast furnace was shut down, the furnace body was quenching and hot, and there were cracks and burns in the blast furnaces of the two enterprises. It almost appeared that the 1990 blast furnace collapsed hot metal and burned many people seriously. accidents; the same time, coal pipe network pressure fluctuations, and even negative, into the air can cause explosions and other accidents, so, the consequences could be disastrous frequent cut-off limit severely disrupted the balance of production, the enterprise has brought huge. Safety hazards have greatly increased the production costs of enterprises."

How to measure the limit of production? The environmental protection department stipulates the actual electricity consumption of the enterprise. Zhao Xizi said that this measurement method is not completely accurate. He pointed out that the energy-saving measures of iron and steel enterprises are now perfect, and the negative energy steelmaking is generally realized; the self-generation rate is generally more than 50%, and some of them exceed 80%. Among the total electricity consumption, the proportion of purchased electricity is small; The amount of gas generated and the amount of waste heat are reduced, the amount of self-generated electricity is correspondingly reduced, and the proportion of purchased electricity is increased. Therefore, using electricity consumption as an indicator to measure whether a company reduces production does not fully reflect the blast furnace production limit.

“Because limited production is a hard task, companies, including local governments, are easy to focus on stopping production and neglecting emission reductions themselves, resulting in a misinterpretation of 'finishing production reduction indicators is to complete emission reductions'. Moreover, even if the heating season is reduced, all The actual annual output does not necessarily decrease." Zhao Xizi pointed out. The annual output of crude steel in the four cities of Anyang, Handan, Tangshan and Shijiazhuang is about 200 million tons. The output in the heating season is about 50 million tons in 4 months, and the production is reduced by 50% to about 25 million tons, which is equivalent to 4 cities. The annual production was reduced by 12.5%. In general, in order to reduce the loss of production, the company will arrange the blast furnace maintenance period as much as possible in the heating season, and in the non-heating season to start full-horse production (in some places, the blast furnace capacity utilization rate has now reached more than 90%). Under normal circumstances, enterprises will increase their smelting intensity and fully utilize their production capacity. It is possible to increase production by 10% for the whole year. If this happens, the production in the heating season is reduced, but the annual output is not reduced, and the total pollutant emissions are not reduced. This is contrary to our original intention to limit production to meet emission reduction targets. Zhao Xizi further pointed out that enterprises with coke ovens need to extend the coke oven coke time to more than 40 hours when the production limit is 50%. As a result, since the coking time does not generate gas after more than 20 hours, the furnace door has no free carbon seal. Cold air enters the furnace, and the temperature changes cause the silicon brick to crack, and the gas leaks, which in turn causes unorganized discharge of pollutants.

Doing a good job in environmental protection must start from three aspects

What should be done in the future environmental protection work? Zhao Xizi believes that in order to truly achieve the goal of environmental governance, it should start from three aspects: First, the limit of production should not be “one size fits all”; second, the government departments at all levels should Fundamentally consider the capacity withdrawal or transfer in some areas; third, the environmental protection department should consider continuity and forward-looking in the formulation of environmental standards and the rhythm of the peak-stop production.

"The ultimate goal of production suspension is to reduce emissions. Therefore, the management and control of enterprises should be scientific and accurate, and must be linked to environmental protection and environmental indicators of enterprises." Zhao Xizi said. The government should strengthen coordination and communication, reduce simple administrative orders, give enterprises as much opportunity as possible to rectify, and minimize the economic losses of enterprises. “Anything with the best environmental protection is also unlikely to have zero emissions. Therefore, the total amount of emissions in the intensive areas of steel producers is bound to exceed the standard. Therefore, controlling and limiting the emissions of enterprises is the fundamental way of environmental governance, not just The cities with excessive emission standards will be 'one size fits all'. The current production restriction policy should only be used as an expediency measure. However, backward enterprises and zombie enterprises must stop production and eliminate, and the environmental protection should be limited, and environmental protection should be limited. He stressed.

Zhao Xizi pointed out that the steel industry is the industry with the largest energy resource consumption in Hebei Province. Hebei's steel production capacity is mainly concentrated in the Tangshan and Yuxing (Xingtai, Xingtai) regions. Although the capacity tasks in the past two years have been completed well, the total emissions are still Exceeding the standard, so seasonally limited production can not fundamentally solve the problem of environmental pollution. The most fundamental measure is that the environmental protection department should determine how much the total amount of air pollution generated by steel production in these two regions is, and then determine the steel. The production capacity limit, if the limit is exceeded, the relevant state departments should formulate the exit or transfer plan of the steel enterprises in the region to solve the problem from the root. In order to encourage the transfer or withdrawal of production capacity, the state should give full and reasonable compensation according to the Property Law. Only by fundamentally solving the problem can we increase the enthusiasm for de-capacity. Therefore, during the heating season, the production capacity of steel in key cities will be limited to 50%. At the same time, emission reductions should be bundled together, instead of limiting production and reducing emissions, forming “two skins”. After 2017, the transition should be based on the enterprise emission assessment. At the same time, the government formulates long-term measures for capacity reduction according to the total emission indicators. The system is controlled by the national level, the regional coordination is coordinated, the industrial layout is optimized, and the high energy consumption development mode is effectively transformed.

Zhao Xizi said that in the survey, many companies reported that in February this year, the environmental protection department required all enterprises to implement special emission limit requirements for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter before September, and revised the standard in June, requiring 6 next year. The month is executed according to the new standard. The enterprise carried out environmental protection equipment construction in accordance with the requirements of February. In June, after the environmental protection standards were changed, the company's environmental protection equipment had to be changed, resulting in waste, and the construction cycle could not keep up. “Environmental protection departments should have forward-looking and continuous standards. It is not advisable to change frequently, 'frozen cakes', otherwise the company is at a loss. The environmental protection department should provide guidance for enterprises on the path and technical support.” Zhao Xizi suggested.

Zhao Qizi suggested that the environmental protection department and the meteorological department should strengthen communication, improve the accuracy of climate forecasting, reduce the frequency of production stoppages as much as possible, minimize the loss of enterprises, and reduce accidents.

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