Dr. Crichton, Infineum's Global Industrial Liaison Manager, is actively involved in the research and development of lubricants, fuel oils, and their additives. In his report titled "Development of European Emissions Regulations and Trends in the Upgrading of Internal Combustion Engine Oils," he highlights that China’s emissions regulations closely follow global trends. Since 2003, China has implemented EU I standards, and by 2005, it adopted EU II. As a result, Chinese Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) have had to adopt various technologies to meet increasingly strict emission rules, which in turn demands higher-performance lubricants. This demand is accelerating the evolution of lubricant standards. Experts note that China’s current lubricant standards were established in 1995, reaching only the SF level for gasoline engine oil. Meanwhile, foreign countries have advanced to SL and are preparing for SM levels. The engine oil quality grades are as follows: SA-SB-SC-SD-SE-SF-SG-SH-SJ-SL-SM. Experts argue that China’s standards lag behind by five levels, effectively being nearly 20 years behind. This gap results in a complex market where different oil products and specifications coexist, with high, medium, and low-grade oils all present. The coexistence of national, industry, and corporate standards further complicates the landscape. Mr. Zhang Chunhui, director and senior engineer at Sinopec’s Great Wall Lubricant Application Research Center, points out that many of the oils covered under China’s current national standards have already been phased out in U.S. API and ACEA specifications. These outdated standards fail to meet the requirements of modern vehicles, especially those from large multinational joint ventures. To satisfy OEM needs, lubricant manufacturers must comply with both national and corporate standards, often requiring expensive testing and certification. The lack of unified, advanced standards forces Chinese oil suppliers to adhere to two different sets—U.S. API and European/Japanese OEM standards. This dual compliance leads to significant costs, including extensive bench tests that can run into millions of dollars. Many small and medium-sized companies struggle to keep up, while larger firms like PetroChina and Sinopec have the resources to manage these challenges. Some companies opt to purchase foreign-certified oils or compounding agents and blend them with local base oils to meet foreign standards. However, this approach raises concerns about suitability for Chinese conditions, such as climate, road quality, and vehicle usage. Dr. Fu Xingguo from PetroChina’s Lubricant R&D Center emphasizes that base oil makes up 99% of the product, and differences between domestic and foreign base oils could affect performance. Even if a product meets foreign standards, its effectiveness in China remains uncertain. Experts warn that following foreign standards without developing a national OEM framework could leave China’s lubricant industry vulnerable. Without its own standards, the industry risks becoming dependent on foreign technologies, compromising both corporate and national security. Lubricants are essential to engine performance, much like blood is to the human body. A self-reliant lubricant industry would ensure long-term sustainability and competitiveness. While China is expected to introduce more advanced oil standards soon, the process remains opaque. Despite efforts to obtain details, officials at the Chinese Academy of Petroleum and Chemical Sciences have remained silent. As the country waits for new guidelines, the need for a strong, independent lubricant standard becomes increasingly clear. Only through innovation and leadership can China build a robust, secure, and competitive lubricant industry.

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