In today’s world, the environment, resources, and population are three major challenges that society faces. Among these, environmental issues have become increasingly severe, posing a direct threat to human survival and development. The manufacturing industry, as a key driver of economic growth, is also one of the main contributors to environmental degradation due to its high resource consumption and pollution generation. Therefore, implementing sustainable development strategies in manufacturing has become essential. Green manufacturing represents a modern approach that integrates environmental impact and resource efficiency throughout the entire product lifecycle—from design, production, packaging, transportation, usage, to disposal. It aims to minimize environmental harm, reduce resource use, and optimize economic and social benefits.
Machining is a fundamental process in manufacturing, and with technological advancements, it has evolved into a more efficient and environmentally friendly discipline. High-speed cutting, new processing techniques, and integrated technologies now define this field. These developments not only enhance productivity but also contribute to sustainability. Cutting tools play a crucial role in ensuring machining quality, efficiency, and safety while influencing energy consumption and the use of cutting fluids. The evolution of eco-friendly tool materials, such as surface-coated tools, has enabled green processes like dry cutting and high-speed cutting, improving both performance and environmental outcomes.
When planning for green manufacturing, selecting the right cutting tool directly impacts the sustainability of the process. A multi-objective evaluation system was developed, considering factors such as processing time, quality, cost, resource consumption, and environmental impact. This led to the creation of a decision framework for tool selection in green manufacturing. The model combines quantitative analysis using fuzzy clustering and qualitative reasoning from expert systems to provide a comprehensive solution.
The target system for green manufacturing includes five key decision variables: Time (T), Quality (Q), Cost (C), Resource Consumption (R), and Environmental Impact (E). These variables are used to evaluate and optimize tool selection. The decision-making process involves finding the optimal combination of these factors to achieve the best possible outcome. Constraints such as inequality and equality conditions must also be considered during optimization.
A case study involving a machine tool plant illustrates the practical application of this model. By replacing conventional high-speed steel tools with TiN-coated alternatives, the plant significantly improved machining efficiency, reduced tool wear, and lowered environmental impact. The results showed that imported TiN-coated tools outperformed domestic ones in terms of quality, durability, and cost-effectiveness over time.
This research demonstrates the feasibility of integrating green manufacturing principles into tool selection. It highlights the importance of balancing economic, environmental, and social goals to achieve sustainable industrial development. The proposed model provides a structured approach for making informed decisions that support long-term ecological and economic stability.
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