Four suggestions for developing energy storage battery technology

As the installed capacity of renewable energy continues to rise, its volatility and intermittentness also bring certain impacts to the power grid. Under this circumstance, the role of energy storage is becoming more prominent, and it is also attracting more and more attention in the industry. In order to better understand energy storage and develop energy storage battery technology, it is recommended that:

The first thing to clarify is the basic concept. Energy storage battery technology, including energy storage battery body technology and energy storage battery application technology, are both important.

In a broad sense, energy storage uses some kind of device or method to store energy and release energy after it is moved in the spatial dimension or released after the time dimension is retained. According to this, it can be further subdivided into two categories: mobile energy storage, that is, mobile equipment power supply, electric vehicle power battery, etc.; static energy storage, such as UPS power supply, communication base station power supply, industrial heat storage system and pumped storage power station. In addition, the use of natural photosynthesis of plants or artificial photosynthesis of new photochemical conversion materials, the conversion of light energy into biomass energy or chemical energy and storage and release, is also an important type of static energy storage.

According to the form of energy used, the energy storage body technology can be roughly divided into four categories; physical energy storage (pumped energy storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage, superconducting energy storage), electrochemical energy storage (all kinds of secondary Battery, electrochemical supercapacitor ), chemical energy storage (manual clean energy such as hydrogen storage, carbon storage and other chemical reaction energy storage), heat storage / cold storage (sensible heat storage, phase change energy storage, chemical reaction heat storage). Energy storage batteries belong to the category of electrochemical energy storage and are the most rapidly developed energy storage technology types.

However, not all batteries can be called energy storage batteries. The system power is above 1KW. The batteries used for electric vehicles and communication base stations can be called energy storage batteries. The system power is ≥1MW for energy storage power stations. The battery is called a power storage battery.

Energy storage battery application technology mainly refers to BMS (battery management system), PCS (battery energy storage system energy control device), EMS (energy management system). BMS is the link between the battery body and the application end. The main object is the secondary battery, which aims to improve the utilization of the battery and prevent overcharging and overdischarging of the battery. The PCS is a system that is connected to the energy storage battery pack and is connected between the battery pack and the power grid to store the grid power into the battery pack or to return the battery pack energy to the power grid. EMS is a general term for modern power grid dispatching automation systems, including computers, operating systems, EMS support systems, data acquisition and monitoring, automatic power generation control and planning, and network application analysis.

Secondly, demand-oriented, according to the actual needs of different application areas to develop adaptive energy storage battery technology; low cost, long life, high security, easy recycling is the overall goal of energy storage battery technology development.

Energy storage can play an important role in many aspects, such as power grid peaking and frequency modulation, smoothing renewable energy generation fluctuations, improving distribution quality and reliability, base station, community or home backup power, distributed microgrid energy storage, electric vehicle VEG mode Energy supply system, etc. The scenarios of energy storage applications are different and the technical requirements are different. No battery of any kind can meet the requirements of all scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to develop demand-based energy storage battery technology according to the actual needs of different application fields.

The current cost of energy storage technology is high, and poor economics is a common problem. The cost reduction of energy storage technology can be divided into four target stages. Current goal: to develop non-peaking function energy storage battery technology and market, such as electric vehicle power battery market, off-grid market and power frequency modulation market; short-term (5-10 years) target: lower electricity cost than peak-to-valley electricity price difference Medium-term (10-20 years) target: lower than the cost of thermal power peaking (and scheduling); long-term (20-30 years) target: lower than the cost of electricity in the same period of wind power generation.

Although the current business model of using the peak-to-valley electricity price difference to develop energy storage has received much attention, it may be a false proposition, which is feasible in the short term and is not feasible in the long run. The reason is that as the cost of energy storage technology declines, the peak-to-valley electricity price difference of the grid will become lower and lower. In the future, energy storage equipment may be an important supplement to the grid dispatching system only when the energy storage cost is lower than the thermal power peak shaving cost.

There is a potential crisis in existing types of energy storage batteries. Sodium-sulfur batteries, safety problems caused by aging damage of ceramic tubes. Lead-acid (lead-carbon) battery, lead concentrate is mined in about 15 years; low-cost and high-pollution recycling. All vanadium redox flow battery, system ceiling efficiency is less than 70% "ceiling"; toxic vanadium sulfate solution; diaphragm can not balance battery rate and electrolyte cycle life; system complexity, operational reliability problems. Lithium-ion battery : The existing battery structure is difficult to recycle and has high cost; the battery has safety hazards and the application cost is high.

In summary, low cost, long life, high security, and easy recycling are the overall goals of energy storage battery technology development.

Thirdly, it is necessary to attach great importance to the basic innovation research and intellectual property layout of large-scale power storage battery technology, and promote the commercial sharing of intellectual property rights in energy storage battery technology.

With the application of energy storage scale, large-scale energy storage technology is the future development trend. The development of ultra-high power safe energy storage battery technology with single cell power ≥100KW will be an important research and development direction. In order to solve the application problem as the core, it is necessary to use the idea of ​​a small battery to make a small battery and use a large battery to make a large battery, and not to use a small battery structure to make a large power storage battery.

In addition, our current understanding of the application of energy storage technology and the nature of energy storage technology may be preliminary and superficial. Power storage is a system storage/discharge concept that is likely to require a combination of multiple technology economic models, rather than being limited to the understanding of single battery cycle charge and discharge behavior.

China's intellectual property rights dependence is as high as 60%. In terms of core technologies, China's foreign intellectual property dependence is even more than 90%. In the process of strengthening basic science exploration research and original innovative technology development, energy storage technology should strengthen the evaluation of intellectual property competitiveness and the evaluation of technology application prospects for energy storage projects.

How do we break through the layout and blockade of related intellectual property rights for energy storage technologies that are already mature or have entered demonstration applications abroad? In this regard, it is proposed to establish an intellectual property evaluation and trading platform for energy storage industry, guide the orderly development of the energy storage technology industry chain; establish and improve the protection and business sharing mechanism of intellectual property rights, strengthen the patent layout of core technology points, and actively guide industrial capital and risks. Investment enters the frontier technology development field and improves the independent innovation capability of the energy storage industry.

Finally, according to the technical level of energy storage (battery), the energy storage industry will be developed realistically. It is necessary to carry out demonstration applications above the scale of megawatts on the premise that the energy storage battery body technology is safe and reliable.

In the power industry, safety is the primary consideration, and the application of energy storage is no exception. The safety, reliability and economy of energy storage battery technology are prerequisites for determining whether it can be scaled up.

The distinction and connection between the energy storage battery body technology and the energy storage battery application technology must be clarified. For most energy storage battery technologies, when the technology is used for demonstration applications above megawatt level, it is mainly to discover and solve technical problems and economic evaluation in the application process of energy storage systems, instead of energy storage battery body technology. The problem. In other words, the demonstration application above the megawatt level should be carried out under the premise that the energy storage body technology is safe and reliable. The purpose of the demonstration application is to accumulate application data, develop application technologies, solve application problems, and evaluate the application economy. If the demonstration project is going well, its large-scale promotion will also be gradually rolled out, and the energy storage industry will be able to develop healthily. (China Energy News)

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