Although China's coal industry has a good level of development benefits, the proportion of large-scale mining has increased year by year, advanced coal mining appropriate technology has been applied, and even a world-class large-scale coal mine has been built, but some production beyond resources and ecological conditions has also been formed. ability. In fact, according to the existing scientific and technological level of coal mining in China, considering various factors such as environment and safety, only about one-third of the current coal production is scientifically rational, that is, there are still 2/3 of the output. Over-exploitation of super-capacity or irregularity. As most of China's coal resources are concentrated in areas with weak environmental capacity and water shortages, the current coal production capacity has greatly exceeded the limit capacity of the coal industry in terms of resources, technology, environment and safety. Frequent environmental negative effects such as coal mine safety major accidents, surface subsidence, groundwater system damage, vegetation damage, occupation of farmland in waste rock, and harmful gas emissions have seriously affected the sustainable development of the coal industry. Some studies have shown that due to the resource abundance, geological mining conditions, natural disasters, ecological environment, water resources, economic (transport) and other six conditions, the annual scientific production capacity of China's coal in the future period is conservatively estimated to be only 38. About 100 million tons.
What is the scientific production capacity of coal? As early as many years ago, Academician Qian Minggao and Academician Xie Heping of the Chinese Academy of Engineering proposed the concept of coal science production capacity and has been continuously enriching its ideological connotation. Scientific production capacity refers to the sustainable supply capacity of coal resources, reflecting the development concept of people-oriented, environmental protection and relying on scientific and technological progress in the coal industry. It conforms to the modern mining production technology and safe, efficient and environmentally-friendly coal industry standards, and meets certain environmental capacity. Annual production capacity under the conditions of indicators, safety production indicators and mechanized mining indicators. At this stage, the specific indicators of China's coal science production capacity are: (1) comprehensive mechanization degree > 70%; (2) safety standard: million tons of death rate of 0.1 to 0.01 people; (3) safety costs will be in production costs (4) Environmentally friendly, carrying out coal mine filling and mining, and the land reclamation rate is > 75%; (5) the recovery rate > 45%; (6) the immature and difficult to use reserves (conditions complex, buried Deep > 1500m coal mine resources) should not be included in the recoverable reserves.
The specific requirements of coal science production capacity in terms of safety, sustainability and technological advancement can be evaluated by safe mining degree, green mining degree and high efficiency mining.
Safe mining degree refers to the degree of safety and health protection of coal mine employees during production and operation. Safety production refers to the concept of fully embodying people-oriented in the development of coal, respecting the right to life and health of miners, and using advanced safety technology and monitoring and management methods to ensure the safety of miners and occupational health. Mine production safety and miners occupational health multi-indicator system. Safe mining is a comprehensive measure that can be used to comprehensively evaluate the level and ability of a mine to fully implement the labor protection of coal mines. It includes a set of indicators and standards for safety production and occupational health. Such as: million tons of mortality, occupational disease incidence, gas drainage rate, safety information management level, accident rate of underground workers.
The degree of green mining refers to the degree of protection of the mining area's ecology, environment and resources during the development of coal. In order to minimize the negative external effects of environmental damage caused by mining, such as surface environmental damage, vegetation damage, groundwater damage, and harmful gas emissions, mining production usually uses advanced environmentally friendly technologies and equipment, using clean production and recycling economy. Measures for protective mining. Green mining is a comprehensive measure that can be used to comprehensively evaluate the level and capacity of a mining area to implement ecological environmental protection. It includes a set of indicators and eligibility criteria for achieving environmentally friendly mining. Such as land reclamation rate, extraction gas utilization rate, mine water utilization rate, coal gangue utilization rate, solid waste safe disposal rate, comprehensive resource utilization rate, 10,000 yuan output value wastewater/exhaust gas discharge, mine water utilization rate, mine greening Rate and so on.
Efficient mining refers to the advanced level of coal mining technology, comprehensive utilization technology of resources, and clean production technology adopted by coal mining according to specific geological conditions and resource conditions. It reflects the efficient mining of coal resources, resource recycling, and ecological environmental protection coal mining technology. The level of equipment is equipped. It includes a set of indicators and qualification standards for high-yield and high-efficiency coal mining, such as mining mechanization rate, mine automation and information level, comprehensive energy consumption, comprehensive water consumption, recovery rate, washing rate, and recovery rate of ore body resources.
In order to ensure the rational layout and development of China's coal production capacity, to avoid the loss of mining scale, completely reverse the unfavorable situation of disordered and over-exploited coal industry, and realize the transformation of coal from passive supply guarantee to active scientific supply. It is necessary to continuously improve the criteria for the evaluation of coal mining and scientific production capacity, and to establish and improve the technical policies and industry standards for coal mining based on coal scientific production capacity.
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